Physical Science (Matter)
Goal: Understand structure and properties of matter.
Eligible Content: Explain atoms and their base components (protons, neutrons, and electrons) as a basis for all matter.
Read and interpret the period table, recognizing the relationship of the chemical and physical properties of the elements to their positions on the periodic table.
Recognize that the historical development of atomic theory demonstrates how scientific knowledge changes over time, and how those changes have had an impact on society.
Goal: Understand chemical and physical changes.
Eligible Content: Describe how transformations among solids, liquids, and gases occur (change of state).
Identify factors that can influence change of sate, including temperature, pressure, and concentration.
Describe chemical reactions that affect the rate of chemical reactions.
Recognize examples that show when substances combine or break apart in a chemical reaction, the total mass remains the same (conservation of mass).
Physical Science (Force)
Goal: Understand fundamental forces, their forms, and their effects on motion.
Eligible Content: Understand and apply the relationships F=ma in situations in which one force acts on an object.
Recognize that equal and opposite forces occur when one object exerts a force on another.
Describe the forces acting on an object, based on the motion of the object.
Describe the relationship of mass and distance to gravitational force.
Physical Science (Energy)
Goal: Understand energy, its transformations, and interactions with matter.
Eligible Content: Recognize that waves of all kinds have energy that can be transferred when the waves interact with matter.
Apply the concepts of frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and energy to electromagnetic and mechanical waves.
Recognize that heat energy is a by- product of most energy transformations.
Describe ways in which energy can be transferred, including chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, and light waves.
Explain the differences between potential and kinetic energy.
Analyze the flow of energy through a system by applying the law of conservation of energy.
Life Science (Organisms)
Goal: Understand the characteristics, structure, and functions of organisms.
Eligible Content: Describe how biological systems can maintain equilibrium (homeostasis)
Identify unique structures in cells from plants, animals, and prokaryotes.
Identify cell organelles and state how their activities contribute to a particular type of cell carrying out its functions.
Explain the role of the cell membrane in cell transport.
Distinguish between active and passive transport, including diffusion and osmosis, explaining the mechanics of each.
Describe photosynthesis as a chemical process and part of the carbon cycle.
Explain how the development of tools and technology, including microscopes, has aided in the understanding of cells and microbes.
Life Science (Heredity)
Goal: Understand the transmission of traits in living things.
Eligible Content: Describe the structure of DNA and the way that DNA functions to control protein synthesis.
Recognize and understand the differences between meiosis and mitosis in cellular reproduction.
Recognize that the changes in DNA (mutations) and anomalies in chromosomes create changes in organisms.
Apply concepts of inheritance of traits, including Mendel’s laws, Punnett squares, and pedigrees, to determine the characteristics of offspring.
Recognize the existence of technology that can alter and/or determine inherited traits.
Life Science (Diversity/Interdependence)
Goal: Understand the relationships among living things and between living things and their environment.
Eligible Content: Predict outcomes of changes in resources and energy flow in an ecosystem.
Explain how the balance of resources will change with the introduction or loss of a new species within an ecosystem.
Recognize that, over time, natural selection may result in development of a new species or subspecies.
Recognize that natural selection and its evolutionary consequences provide an explanation for the fossil record as well as an explanation for the molecular similarities among varied species.
Explain how biological evolution can account for the diversity of species develop over time.
Explain the relationship between genetics, mutations, and biological evolution.
Explain how our understanding of evolution has changed over time.
Earth and Space Science (The Dynamic Earth)
Goal: Understand the properties and limited availability of the materials which make up the Earth.
Eligible Content: Predict consequences of increased consumption of renewable and non- renewable resources.
Goal: Understand changes occurring within the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.
Eligible Content: Describe the effect of various gases in the atmosphere on the amount of energy retained by the Earth system.
Describe how solar radiation and the amount that reaches Earth is affected by stratospheric ozone.
Describe how differential heating of the Earth’s surface, atmosphere, and oceans produces wind and ocean currents.
Describe methods of determining ages of rocks and fossils. Use rocks sequences and fossil evidence to determine geologic history.
Describe and analyze theories of Earth’s origin and early history using scientific evidence.
Describe how earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mountain building, and continental movements result from slow plate motions.
Describe how the evolution of life caused dramatic changes in the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere, which did not originally contain oxygen.
Identify how volcanic eruptions and impacts of huge rocks from space can cause widespread effects on climate.
Goal: Understand the Earth’s place in the solar system and the universe
Eligible Content: Recognize that the sun’s gravitational pull holds the Earth and other planets in their orbits, just as the planets’ gravitational pull keeps their moon in orbit around them.
No comments:
Post a Comment